Ken is a member of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society, American Association of Anatomists, American Physiological Society, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, and American Association for the Advancement of Science. He has also previously taught introductory biology, general zoology, sociobiology, parasitology, and biomedical etymology. Ken teaches human anatomy and physiology, introductory medical physiology, histology, animal behavior, and natural history of the Galápagos Islands. Saladin is Professor of Biology at Georgia College & State University in Milledgeville, Georgia, where he has taught since 1977. That's a non chemotherapy targeted oncogene that we could potentially leverage to treat patients.4 Histology- The Tissue Level of OrganizationĨ The Nervous System I: Nerve Cells, the Spinal Cord, and Reflexesĩ The Nervous System II: The Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Autonomic Nervous Systemġ3 The Circulatory System II: The Heart and Blood VesselsĪppendix C: Symbols, Weights, and Measures A-11Īppendix D: Biomedical Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes A-13Īppendix E: Periodic Table of the Elements A-17 And so bringing that into the muscle-invasive setting, we're excited about how that could potentially be for those either luminal cancers or FGF receptor mutated tumors. We finally have evidence from THOR and from NORSE that FGF receptor 3 is a target. And then I think the last part is that for the first time, we have precision. I'll tell you I have people alive that a year ago would have expired from their really advanced disease that are having birthdays or having time with their family because of enfortumab and other ADCs that are moving forward. Looking at the impressive results for cohort K, with enfortumab, it's amazing what that is going to provide our patients. In the metastatic setting, obviously, all of the ADCs are huge. So I think we're all really excited about that, and there are a number of urine markers that are going to be on the forefront. We give, for example, 15 doses of BCG in the first year because we think people need that, but maybe not everybody does, and we don't really have a great way to monitor that. That's critical, because we should either be escalating for some people if they're not responding, or stopping therapy. I think we've all been interested in the urine as a source to identify who still has cancer. The big thing coming forward, obviously, as we wait for these randomized trials in early-stage bladder cancer, is looking at biomarkers going forward of minimal residual disease. So for most patients, we can do a limited lymph node dissection, or a more regular pelvic node dissection and get the same benefit from that, which really appears at this point to just be a staging benefit, rather than a therapeutic benefit. I mean, a 600-patient randomized trial, really demonstrating that there's not a benefit for that. So I really give Seth Lerner and all the SWOG investigators a huge round of applause. There really doesn't look like there's a benefit, and in fact, it may be harmful to patients. That really moves bladder cancer from the sort of Halstedian approach of resecting more lymph nodes is better to, there may not be a benefit to that. This is the second major randomized trial that's really not shown a benefit to extended pelvic lymph node dissection. First, is SWOG 1011 lymph node dissection trial, extended vs limited dissection. We're just on the tail of ASCO there are some really important things that have come out that we're excited about. Transcription: What are some notable bladder cancer advances in 2023? Schaeffer, MD, PhD, professor of biology and associate professor of urology and biochemistry and molecular genetics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, Illinois. Meeks, MD, PhD, discusses notable bladder advances in 2023.
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